Professor Anderson served as a member of a number of government bodies, including the Australian Science and Technology Council and the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council. He was also a member of the Board of Cochlear Limited, the world's major supplier of cochlear implants from 1995 to 2005. He is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, and an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Australia. In 1989, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society, London, and in 2002 a Foreign Member of the US National Academy of Engineering. He holds honorary doctorates of the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and the Universities of Sydney, Melbourne, New South Wales and Newcastle, together with the University of Technology, Sydney. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1993 and a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2016, and awarded the Centennial Medal in 2001. He is also a holder of the Order of the Rising Sun with Neck Rays and Gold Ribbon, from Japan.