Dr. Eng has published over 470 peer reviewed original papers in such journals as the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Lancet, Nature Genetics, Nature, Cell and Molecular Cell. She has received numerous awards and honors including election to the American Society of Clinical Investigation, to the Association of American Physicians and as Fellow of AAAS, the Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award, and named a Local Legend from Ohio bestowed by the American Medical Women's Association in conjunction with the US Senate on women physicians who have demonstrated commitment, originality, innovation and/or creativity in their fields of medicine.

Dr. Eng is the 2005 recipient of the ATA Van Meter Award at the 13th International Thyroid Conference, the 2006 Ernst Oppenheimer Award of The Endocrine Society, the 2006 American Cancer Society John Peter Minton, MD, PhD Hero of Hope Research Medal of Honor, the 2014 James Ewing Lecturership of the Society for Surgical Oncology, the 2014 AACR WICR-Charlotte Friend Memorial Lectureship, 2015 and 2017 University of Chicago Medical Alumni Distinguished Service Award and Alumni Professional Achievement Award.

She serves as the Editor-in-Chief of Endocrine Related Cancer (2011-2020). She was the North American Editor of the Journal of Medical Genetics (1998-2005), Senior Editor of Cancer Research (2004-09), and Associate Editor of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (2005-09) and of the American Journal of Human Genetics (2007-09).

Dr. Eng completed a 3-year term on the Board of Directors of the American Society of Human Genetics, has completed a 2-year term as Chair of the Clinical Science Committee of the Personalized Medicine Coalition and a 5-year term on the Board of Scientific Directors of the National Human Genome Research Institute. Dr. Eng was appointed by Kathleen Sebelius to the US Department of Health and Human Services' Secretary's Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health and Society (2009-11). She also served as co-chair of their Task Force to examine whole genome sequencing for clinical application.