A key focus of this research program is addressing the heterogeneity of depression by defining profiles or subtypes of depression and suicidal behaviours based on a better understanding of (neuro)biological mechanisms. Her work also focuses on developing prediction algorithms for depression onset, treatment response and suicide attempts. Her research integrates clinical, psychosocial, neurobiological, cognitive and genetic data through computational modelling and machine learning methods. A/Prof. Schmaal also (co-)leads the two largest neuroimaging consortia on depression and suicidal behaviours worldwide, i.e. the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) consortium and the ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours consortium. These international consortia pool neuroimaging and clinical data from >20,000 people from ~50 research institutes in 14 different countries worldwide.