My group's principal interests are in the behavioural ecology and physiological ecology of aquatic animals; conservation biology of aquatic animals; introduced and invasive species in aquatic systems; and fisheries ecology, as outlined below. See personal web page for further details (link given below). (i) Spatial behaviour and migration of fishes, using techniques such as biotelemetry. Studies are at species and assemblage level and include variations in habitat use and life history strategy. Evaluation of anthropogenic effects on fish migration and the performance of fish passes. Studies of energy expenditure and ecophysiology of fishes, using physiological approaches such as heart rate telemetry. (ii) Fisheries ecology and conservation. Ecology of exploited fish and shellfish populations in marine and freshwater systems; fisheries management; fate of stocked fish. Conservation biology of aquatic species and habitats e.g. lamprey, crayfish, endemic fauna. Interspecific competition and resource use by fish and invertebrates, including effects of invasive species such as exotic crayfish species. (iii) Energetics and cardio-respiratory physiology of fishes. Factors affecting intraspecific and intraindividual variation in metabolism of fishes and relationship to life history, swimming performance and migration. (iv) Effects of pollutants and environmental stress on aquatic animals. Sublethal responses of fishes in the natural environment. Effects on fish and invertebrate communities. Effects on growth, behaviour and energetics of aquatic animals. This research is carried out in freshwater, brackish and marine environments and involves collaborations within the UK and abroad (e.g. Europe, USA, Korea, W. Africa), mostly funded by research councils and government agencies. The group currently comprises 8 postdoctoral, doctoral and graduate researchers and opportunities for graduate students are available.