Percutaneous Implantation of Adult Sized Stents for Coarctation of the Aorta in Children ≤20 Kg

Background: Stent implantation (SI) is more effective than balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Due to technical factors, balloon angioplasty is more commonly performed in small patients. We sought to evaluate outcomes of percutaneous adult sized SI for the treatment of CoA in small patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of all patients ≤20 kg who underwent percutaneous adult sized SI for native or recurrent CoA from 2004 to 2015 was performed. Results: Thirty-nine patients (20 patients ≤10 kg) were identified, with 28 (71.8%) having recurrent CoA and 22 (56.4%) previously failed balloon angioplasty. At the time of SI, the median (range) patient age and weight were 1.1 (0.3–7.9) years and 10 (5.5–20.4) kg, respectively. SI resulted in significant improvements in the median gradient (26 mm Hg [interquartile range (IQR), 18–42] to 0 mm Hg [IQR, 0–2]; P < 0.05) and median minimum diameter (3.6 mm [IQR, 2.4–4.8] to 7.7 mm [IQR, 6.5–9.4]; P <0.05). Seven patients (18%) had procedural adverse events. Twenty-seven (69%) patients underwent elective reintervention at a median time of 49.3 (IQR, 26.5–63.2) months from SI, with 8 (21%) stents requiring repeat SI for stent fracture. Over a median follow-up of 67.2 (IQR, 33.8–116.1) months, 25 patients (69%) were without hypertension or blood pressure gradient. Three (11%) patients developed femoral arterial occlusion. Conclusions: Adult sized SI is an alternative to surgical intervention for small patients with CoA. SI carries a risk of access-related complications, which may improve with the development of lower profile stents with adult sized maximum diameters.