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The Azimuthal Distribution of Thunderstorm Events Recorded by the GRAPES-3 Experiment

B. Hariharan, S. AhmadF. Varsi,M. Zuberi

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)(2021)

Tata Inst Fundamental Res | Aligarh Muslim Univ | Dibrugarh Univ | Osaka City Univ | Indian Inst Technol Kanpur | Chubu Univ | Utkal Univ | Indian Inst Technol Jodhpur | Nagoya Univ | Univ Tokyo | Indian Inst Technol Indore | Hiroshima City Univ

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Abstract
The GRAPES-3 experiment reported the measurement of 1.3 GV potential across one of the massive thunderclouds recorded on 1 December 2014 by making use of the muon imaging technique. This measurement is ten times larger than the maximum potential reported previously by balloon and rocket sounding measurements, verifying the almost a century old prediction by C.T.R. Wilson. These measurements rely on the precise estimate of the change in the angular muon flux caused by the acceleration of muons during their passage through the charged layers of thunderstorms. The electric potential is estimated with the help of Monte Carlo simulations by using CORSIKA and other in-house tools. A study of the thunderstorms events recorded since April 2011 displays an asymmetry in their azimuthal distribution which can be understood to be caused by the ratio of mu(+)/mu(-).
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要点】:本研究利用GRAPES-3实验的μ子成像技术,测量了雷暴云的电势,发现了电势分布的方位角不对称性,验证了C.T.R. Wilson的预测,并提出了一种基于μ子流量变化估计电势的新方法。

方法】:通过μ子成像技术测量雷暴云中的μ子流量变化,并使用Monte Carlo模拟(CORSIKA和其他内部工具)估计电势。

实验】:自2011年4月以来,GRAPES-3实验记录的雷暴事件显示了方位角分布的不对称性,实验结果验证了电势的测量值比之前气球和火箭测量报告的最大值高出十倍。