An Exploration of Young Adults with Opioid Use Disorder and How Their Perceptions of Family Members' Beliefs Affects Medication Treatment

Background: Young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) have low engagement and retention in medication treatment. Families are uniquely situated to play an important role in treatment decisions. This qualitative study explored how young adults with OUD perceive their families' beliefs about OUD and medication treatment, and how those beliefs impacted young adults' beliefs about their own treatment decisions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study of a convenience sample of 20 English-speaking young adults with OUD receiving care from an urban safety net hospital in Massachusetts. We explored young adults' perceptions of how families viewed medication treatment. We conducted semi-structured interviews that were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed interviews using hybrid inductive and deductive categorization to support thematic analysis. Results: We identified 3 themes. First, family history of substance use disorder and treatment negatively impacted how young adults perceive their OUD and medication treatment. Second, young adults shared that many families held negative or stigmatizing views of medication treatment. Finally, acceptance by family was important but young adults acknowledged that keeping treatment decisions from family was sometimes necessary. Conclusions: In this qualitative exploration of young adults with OUD, we found that young adults felt that their families held important beliefs about the kind of treatment family members found most appropriate, and these perceived family beliefs impacted their treatment choices. Future research to improve engagement and retention of youth adults with OUD could target the beliefs of family members.