A Search for Photons with Energies above 2 × 1017 Ev Using Hybrid Data from the Low-Energy Extensions of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Pedro Abreu,M. Aglietta,Justin M. Albury,I. Allekotte,Kévin Almeida Cheminant,Alejandro Almela,J. Álvarez-Muñiz,Rafael Alves Batista,Juan Ammerman Yebra,Gioacchino Alex Anastasi,Luis A. Anchordoqui,Belén Andrada,S. Andringa,C. Aramo,Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira,Enrico Arnone,Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez,H. Asorey,P. Assis, G. Ávila,Emanuele Avocone,Alina Mihaela Badescu,Alena Bakalová,Alexandru Bălăceanu,Felicia Barbato,Jose A. Bellido,C. Bérat,M. Bertaina,Gopal Bhatta,Peter L. Biermann,Virginia Binet,Kathrin Bismark,Teresa Bister,Jonathan Biteau,Jiří Blažek,C. Bleve,J. Blümer, M. Bohã̌cov́a,Denise Boncioli,C. Bonifazi,Luan Bonneau Arbeletche,Nataliia Borodai,Ana Martina Botti,Jeffrey Brack,T. Bretz,P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera,Florian Lukas Briechle,Peter Buchholz,A. Bueno,S. Buitink,Mario Buscemi,Max Büsken,K. S. Caballero‐Mora,Lorenzo Caccianiga,Fabrizia Canfora,Ioana Caracas,R. Caruso,A. Castellina,Fernando Catalani,G. Cataldi,Lorenzo Cazon,Marcos Cerda,Jose Chinellato,J. Chudoba,Ladislav Chytka,R. W. Clay,Agustín Cobos Cerutti,Roberta Colalillo,Alan Coleman,Maria Rita Coluccia,R. Conceição,Antonio Condorelli,G. Consolati,F. Contreras,Fabio Convenga,Diego Correia dos Santos,C. E. Covault,S. Dasso,K. Daumiller,B. R. Dawson,Jarryd A. Day,Rogério M. de Almeida,J. de Jesús,Sijbrand J. de Jong,J. R. T. de Mello Neto,I. De Mitri,Jaime de Oliveira,D. Franco,F. Palma, Vítor de Souza,Emanuele De Vito,A. Del Popolo,Mariano del Río,Olivier Deligny,Luca Deval,Armando di Matteo,Madalina Dobre,C. Dobrigkeit, Juan Carlos D’Olivo,Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes,Rita dos Anjos,María Teresa Dova,Jan Ebr,R. Engel,Italo Epicoco,Martin Erdmann,C. Escobar,A. Etchegoyen,H. Falcke,John Farmer,Glennys R. Farrar,A. C. Fauth,N. Fazzini,Fridtjof Feldbusch,Francesco Fenu,B. Fick,Juan Manuel Figueira, Andrej Filipčič,Thomas Fitoussi,Tomáš Fodran,Toshihiro Fujii,Alan Fuster,C. Galea,Claudio Galelli,Beatriz García,Adrianna Luz García Vegas,H. Gemmeke,Flavia Gesualdi,Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu,P. L. Ghia,U. Giaccari,M. Giammarchi,Jonas Glombitza,Fabian Gobbi,Fernando Gollan,G. Golup,M. Gómez Berisso,Primo F. Gómez Vitale,Juan Pablo Gongora,Juan Manuel González,Nicolás Martín González,Isabel Goos,Dariusz Góra,Alessio Gorgi,Marvin Gottowik, Trent D. Grubb,F. Guarino,Germano Guedes,Eleonora Guido,Steffen Hahn,P. Hamal,Matías Rolf Hampel,Patricia María Hansen,Diego Harari,Violet M. Harvey,A. Haungs,Thomas Hebbeker,D. Heck,G. C. Hill,C. Hojvat,J. R. Ḧorandel,Pavel Horváth,Miroslav Hrabovský,T. Huege,A. Insolia,Paula Gina Isar,Petr Janeček,Jeffrey A. Johnsen,Jakub Jurýšek,Alex Kääpä,Karl-Heinz Kampert,B. Keilhauer,Abha Khakurdikar,Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam,H. O. Klages,M. Kleifges,J. Kleinfeller,Felix Knapp,Norbert Kunka,Bruno L. Lago,Niklas Langner,Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira,Vladimir Lenok,A. Letessier‐Selvon,I. Lhenry-Yvon,Domenico Lo Presti,L. Lopes,Rebeca López, Lu,Quentin Luce,Jon Paul Lundquist,Allan Machado Payeras,G. Mancarella,Dušan Mandát,Bradley C. Manning,Julien Manshanden,Paul Mantsch,Sullivan Marafico,Federico Maria Mariani,Analisa Mariazzi,Ioana Codrina Maris,G. Marsella,D. Martello,Sara Martinelli,Oscar Martínez Bravo,Massimo Mastrodicasa,Hermann-Josef Mathes,J. Matthews,G. Matthiae,Eric William Mayotte,Sonja Mayotte,Péter Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco,D. Melo,Alexander Menshikov,Stanislav Michal,María Isabel Micheletti,L. Miramonti,Silvia Mollerach,F. Montanet,Leonel Morejón,C. Morello,M. Mostafá,Ana L. Müller,Márcio Aparecido Müller,Katharine Mulrey,R. Mussa,Marco Stein Muzio, Wilson M. Namasaka,Alina Nasr-Esfahani,Lukas Nellen,Gabriela Nicora,Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu,Marcus Niechciol,D. Nitz,Ian Norwood,Dalibor Nosek,Vladimír Novotný,Libor Nožka,Achille Nucita,Luis A. Núñez,Cainã Oliveira,Miroslav Palatka,Juan Pallotta,Philipp Papenbreer, G. Parente,A. Parra,Jannis Pawlowsky,Miroslav Pech,Jan Pękala,R. Pelayo,Jesús Peña-Rodríguez,Edyvânia Emily Pereira Martins,Johnnier Perez Armand,Carmina Pérez Bertolli,L. Perrone,S. Petrera,Camilla Petrucci,T. Pierog,M. Pimenta,V. Pirronello,M. Platino,Bjarni Pont,Mart Pothast,P. Privitera,Michael Prouza,Andrew Puyleart,Sven Querchfeld,J. Rautenberg,Diego Ravignani,Maximilian Reininghaus,J. Řídký,Felix Riehn,M. Risse, Vincenzo Rizi,Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho,Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo,Matías J. Roncoroni,Simone Rossoni,M. Roth,Esteban Roulet,A. C. Rovero,Philip Ruehl,A. Sǎftoiu,Mohit Saharan,F. Salamida,H. Salazar,G. Salina,Jose Sanabria Gomez,F. Sánchez,Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva Santos,F. Sarazin,R. Sarmento,Christian Sarmiento‐Cano,R. Sato,Pierpaolo Savina, Christoph Schäfer,Viviana Scherini,H. Schieler,Martin Schimassek,Michael Schimp,Felix Schlüter,David Schmidt,O. Schölten,Harm Schoorlemmer,Petr Schovánek,Frank G. Schröder,Josina Schulte,Tobias Schulz,S. J. Sciutto,Marina Scornavacche,A. Segreto,Srijan Sehgal,R.C. Shellard,Günter Sigl,Gaia Silli,O. Sima,Raluca Smau, Radomír Šmída,P. Sommers,Jorge F. Soriano,Ruben Squartini,Maximilian Stadelmaier,Denis Stanca, S. Stanič,Jarosław Stasielak,Patrick Stassi,Alexander Streich,Mauricio Suárez-Durán,Tristan Sudholz,T. Suomijärvi,A. D. Supanitsky,Zbigniew Szadkowski,Alex Tapia,Carla Taricco,C. Timmermans,Olena Tkachenko,Petr Tobiška,Carlos J. Todero Peixoto,B. Tomé,Zoé Torrès,Andres Travaini,Petr Trávníček,Caterina Trimarelli,Matías Jorge Tueros,Ralf Ulrich,Michael Unger,Lukáš Václavek,Martin Vacula,Jose F. Valdés Galicia,L. Valore,Enrique Varela,Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič,Cynthia Ventura,Indira D. Vergara Quispe,V. Verzi,Jakub Vícha,Jacco Vink,S. Vorobiov,Hernan Wahlberg,Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe,A. T. Watson,A. Weindl,Lawrence Wiencke, H. Wilczyński,David Wittkowski,Brian Wundheiler,Alexey Yushkov,Orazio Zapparrata,E. Zas,D. Zavrtanik,M. Zavrtanik,Lukas Zehrer
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal(2022)
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摘要
Ultra-high-energy photons with energies exceeding $10^{17}$ eV offer a wealth of connections to different aspects of cosmic-ray astrophysics as well as to gamma-ray and neutrino astronomy. The recent observations of photons with energies in the $10^{15}$ eV range further motivate searches for even higher-energy photons. In this paper, we present a search for photons with energies exceeding $2{\times}10^{17}$ eV using about 5.5 years of hybrid data from the low-energy extensions of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The upper limits on the integral photon flux derived here are the most stringent ones to date in the energy region between $10^{17}$ and $10^{18}$ eV.
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