Review on Zero Waste Strategy for Urban Construction and Demolition Waste: Full Component Resource Utilization Approach for Sustainable and Low-Carbon

The acceleration of urbanization and industrialization has accelerated the speed of building renewal, followed by explosive growth in the quantity of construction and demolition waste (CDW). High-value reuse technology scheme for all components, including classification and deep processing, is a sustainable development direction of great significance to achieve maximum utilization of CDW. Recent advances in green and ecological regeneration approaches for CDW are systematically elaborated in this review, including reinforcement approaches for recycled aggregates and alkali activated technology for recycled powders. Firstly, the main components of CDW and their characteristics are summarized, and the environmental hazards of CDW are expounded. The resource utilization of CDW is indispensable from the perspective of environmental protection and low-carbon development. Furthermore, the CDW treatment process and regeneration approach are analyzed in detail. The application of CDW in recycled coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and cementitious materials is sufficiently illustrated in this study. Representative mature and sustainable approaches are evaluated to explore the development prospects of the CDW treatment process in terms of economic feasibility, ecological protection, and technological reform. Finally, based on the comprehensive analysis of the technical advantages of CDW resource utilization, a sustainable, low-carbon, and full-component resource regeneration CDW recycling strategy containing pretreatment, deep treatment, and fine processing is proposed. The multi-process collaboration makes the resource utilization for CDW more systematic and sustainable. The process proposed in this study can provide valuable insights for future zero-waste utilization of CDW.