Staurosporine-producing Streptomyces Sp. Strain 11 × 1 Cell-Free Culture Filtrates Control Diseases Caused by the Oomycete Plant Pathogens Pythium Myriotylum and Phytophthora Sojae

Oomycetes are devastating soil-borne plant pathogens, and cause numerous losses on diverse crops worldwide. In this study, our aim was to identify actinomycetes with antimicrobial activity towards oomycetes from the rhizosphere of soybean. Strong growth inhibition of P. myriotylum was found in dual culture with a strain called 11 × 1, and also from using the 11 × 1 cell-free culture filtrate and EtOAc extract. The P. myriotylum growth-inhibiting activity of the 11 × 1 culture filtrates was stable at high temperatures, and acidic and alkaline conditions. The 11 × 1 strain was identified as a Streptomyces strain with the highest 16S rDNA sequence identity to S. scabiei, and phylogenomic analysis also showed clustering with S. scabiei strains. Applying the 11 × 1 culture filtrates to ginger and soybean leaves inhibited the necrosis caused by P. myriotylum and P. sojae, respectively. Pot assay experiments showed a strong control effect of the 11 × 1 culture filtrate against P. myriotylum-caused soft-rot disease of ginger, and against P. sojae caused root-rot of soybean. Analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters from the genome of 11 × 1 predicted the production of staurosporine, and staurosporine was subsequently identified from LC-MS analysis of the 11 × 1 extract. The concentrations of staurosporine quantified in the 11 × 1 extracts were in the range of the staurosporine minimum inhibitory concentrations for P. myriotylum, supporting the contribution of staurosporine to the biocontrol effect of 11 × 1. The use of 11 × 1 culture filtrate to control both ginger and soybean diseases could be beneficial in an intercropping system of ginger and the leguminous nitrogen-fixing soybean.