Radiation Protection Aspects in the Design of a Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Irradiation Room

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a radiotherapy whose effect is due to the combination of low-energy neutron irradiation prior chemical targeting of tumour tissues with boron-10. The context of this work is the design of a clinical BNCT facility based on a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole proton accelerator, manufactured by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN). Such a machine can provide a neutron beam suitable for the treatment of deep-seated tumours when coupled to a beryllium target and a Beam Shaping Assembly whose main constituent is densified lithiated aluminium fluoride. This paper refines the design of the facility, already addressed in preliminary studies, from the point of view of dosimetric quantities in the room and in the patient. The presented calculations have been performed with different Monte Carlo codes, and assess the time evolution of the dose due to the neutron activation of the irradiated materials. A comprehensive evaluation of the dose absorbed in the healthy organs of the patient is provided, with focus on the residual radioactivity of the patient urine, for three different treatment positions. Borated concrete is confirmed to be the best material for constructing the walls of the treatment room. A lead shielding at the beam-port is proposed to reduce the gamma dose at the irradiation position due to the activation of the Beam Shaping Assembly.