A Literature Review of BIM Definitions: Narrow and Broad Views

In the scientific community, it is difficult to find a consensus on defining BIM. Just as the acronym BIM has developed in different ways, it is also understood in different ways. Depending on its understanding, different definitions emerge. It is defined differently by organizations and standards, differently still even by academics. Many years of academic discourse on the subject have failed to produce a solution. Despite the fact that the acronym BIM has already done its work for the construction industry, it still stirs up excitement. There is still no clear definition, as the view of BIM varies from one perspective to another. This article attempts to sort out the definitions cited so far by important organizations and key academics. This review was based on a deep literature study that has attempted to be inclusive and consistent. The question still remains open: do we need a single, correct definition of BIM? The aim of this article is to try to answer this question, open up a renewed discussion and come to a satisfactory consensus. BIM can be identified with an activity, product or system. This article breaks down the definitions of BIM, identifies six key attributes of BIM, presents the evolution of the understanding of BIM and proposes new definitions in a narrow and broad approach.