Survival Outcomes by Race Following Surgical Treatment for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Objective Discrepancies in survival outcomes of various genitourinary tract malignancies have been documented across different racial and ethnic groups. Here we sought to examine long-term survival outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) when stratified by race. Methods A multicenter retrospective analysis using the ROBUUST (ROBotic surgery for Upper tract Urothelial cancer Study) registry identified patients undergoing RNU for UTUC between 2015-2022 at 12 centers across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Patients were stratified by race (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian) and primary outcomes of interest - including recurrence-free survival (RFS), metastasis free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) - were assessed using univariate analysis, multivariate Cox regression modeling, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results 1,446 patients (white n=652, black n=70, Hispanic n=87, and Asian n=637) who underwent RNU for treatment of the UTUC were included in our analysis. Cox regression modeling demonstrated pathologic nodal staging to be a significant predictor of RFS (HR 2.25; p=0.0010), MFS (HR 2.50; p=0.0028), and OS (HR 5.11; p<0.0001). When using whites as the reference group, there were no significant differences in RFS, MFS, or OS across racial groups. Conclusions Unlike other genitourinary tract malignancies, our study failed to demonstrate a survival disadvantage among minority racial groups with UTUC who underwent RNU. Furthermore, a significant difference in RFS, MFS, and OS was not identified across whites, blacks, Asians, or Hispanics with UTUC who underwent RNU. MicroAbstract The impact of race on survival outcomes in patients with different malignancies has become an increasingly important clinical topic. We present a multi-institutional study examining survival outcomes in 1,146 patients stratified by race with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Our study failed to demonstrate survival disadvantages among minority racial groups with UTUC who underwent RNU.