Electronic Response of a Mott Insulator at a Current-Induced Insulator-to-metal Transition

The Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 exhibits an insulator-to-metal transition induced by d.c. current. Despite the thorough examination of the structural changes associated with this transition, a comprehensive knowledge of the response of electronic degrees of freedom is still lacking. Here we demonstrate current-induced modifications of the electronic states of Ca2RuO4. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction with four-probe electrical transport (transport-ARPES) measurements reveal a clear reduction of the Mott gap and a modification in the dispersion of the Ru bands. Based on a free-energy analysis, we show that the current-induced phase is electronically distinct from the high-temperature zero-current metallic phase. Our results highlight strong interplay of lattice- and orbital-dependent electronic responses in the current-driven insulator-to-metal transition. Ca2RuO4 is a Mott insulator that becomes a metal when a current is passed through it. Now, the changes in its electronic structure are revealed as this transition takes place.