Sigma1 Inhibitor Suppression of Adaptive Immune Resistance Mechanisms Mediated by Cancer Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Paola A. Castagnino, Derick A. Haas, Luca Musante, Nathalia A. Tancler, Bach V. Tran,Rhonda Kean, Alexandra R. Steck, Luis A. Martinez,Elahe A. Mostaghel, D. Craig Hooper,Felix J. Kim

CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY（2025）

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Key words

Sigma1/<italic>SIGMAR1</italic>,extracellular vesicle (EV),programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1),EV-associated PD-L1 (evPD-L1),Interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma),adaptive immune resistance (AIR),tumor microenvironment (TME),T cell,antitumor immune response,endoplasmic reticulum (ER),indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO)

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