Diffuse supernova neutrino background from extensive core-collapse simulations of 8–100 M⊙ progenitors

We revisit the diffuse supernova neutrino background in light of recent systematic studies of stellar core collapse that reveal the quantitative impacts of the progenitor conditions on the collapse process. In general, the dependence of the core-collapse neutrino emission on the progenitor is not monotonic in progenitor initial mass, but we show that it can, at first order, be characterized by the core compactness. For the first time, we incorporate the detailed variations in the neutrino emission over the entire mass range 8-100M(circle dot), based on (i) a long-term simulation of the core collapse of an 8.8 M-circle dot ONeMg core progenitor, (ii) over 100 simulations of iron core collapse to neutron stars, and (iii) half a dozen simulations of core collapse to black holes (the 'failed channel'). The fraction of massive stars that undergo the failed channel remains uncertain, but in view of recent simulations which reveal high compactness to be conducive to collapse to black holes, we characterize the failed fraction by considering a threshold compactness above which massive stars collapse to black holes and below which the final remnant is a neutron star. We predict that future detections of the diffuse supernova neutrino background may have the power to reveal this threshold compactness, if its value is relatively small as suggested by interpretations of several recent astronomical observations.