New progress in the development and utilization of ferromanganese ore

Iron and manganese are considered to be strategic national mineral resources. Ferromanganese ore, which is characterised by low-grade, fine particle size, and complex associated relationships, represents the primary source of manganese resources. Given the urgent demand for ferromanganese resources in China, it is of significant importance to carry out basic research and cutting-edge technology exploration around co-associated ferromanganese ores in order to realize the efficient separation and utilization of these resources, with the aim of reducing the country’s dependence on imports. This study reports on the physicochemical properties of ferromanganese ore and conventional separation methods, including mechanical beneficiation, leaching technology, roasting technology, and pyrometallurgical smelting. This paper presents a review of the various technical principles, parameter optimization and mechanism characteristics associated with the extraction and separation of iron and manganese from ferromanganese. This review offers guidance for the selection and development of ferromanganese or other complex refractory iron and manganese ore resources. In light of the aforementioned considerations, a novel approach to the treatment of ferromanganese via microwave fluidization roasting is proposed in the paper.