MEFSR-GAN: A Multi-Exposure Feedback and Super-Resolution Multitask Network Via Generative Adversarial Networks

In applications such as satellite remote sensing and aerial photography, imaging equipment must capture brightness information of different ground scenes within a restricted dynamic range. Due to camera sensor limitations, captured images can represent only a portion of such information, which results in lower resolution and lower dynamic range compared with real scenes. Image super resolution (SR) and multiple-exposure image fusion (MEF) are commonly employed technologies to address these issues. Nonetheless, these two problems are often researched in separate directions. In this paper, we propose MEFSR-GAN: an end-to-end framework based on generative adversarial networks that simultaneously combines super-resolution and multiple-exposure fusion. MEFSR-GAN includes a generator and two discriminators. The generator network consists of two parallel sub-networks for under-exposure and over-exposure, each containing a feature extraction block (FEB), a super-resolution block (SRB), and several multiple-exposure feedback blocks (MEFBs). It processes low-resolution under- and over-exposed images to produce high-resolution high dynamic range (HDR) images. These images are evaluated by two discriminator networks, driving the generator to generate realistic high-resolution HDR outputs through multi-goal training. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments were conducted on the SICE dataset, yielding a PSNR of 24.821 and an SSIM of 0.896 for 2× upscaling. These results demonstrate that MEFSR-GAN outperforms existing methods in terms of both visual effects and objective evaluation metrics, thereby establishing itself as a state-of-the-art technology.